Marine Science: Hydrothermal Vents
Vent Basics:
Define the following (Make sure to include photos)
* Explain the process of a BLACK SMOKER
First the water is cold & it seeps drown through the cracks into the ocean floor. Second it continues to seep down below, & the energy from molten rock from beneath the ocean floor comes up & the water temperature is about 350-400 Celsius. All he oxygen is gone & becomes acidic. Then it picks up dissolved metal & also hydrogen sulfide. Third the hot hydrothermal comes up through the crust. & fourth the hydrothermal fluids comes out a chimney & mixes with the cold seawater. The fluid is combined with sulfur to form black minerals called Metal Sulfides, & it gives the fluid the appearance of black smoke.
Vent Boiling Points:
* Explain why the boiling point of water changes with depth in the ocean
It changes because of the increases of pressure. The pressure is equals one atmosphere. So for every 10 meters the pressure would equal two atmosphere. So when the pressure increases so does the boiling points.
Vent Chemistry:
* Explain how the water chemistry changes in the hydrothermal vent system
It changes because when the seawater seeps goes down into the ocean crust it heats up, it undergoes a lot of chemical reactions.
Vents Around the World:
* Where can hydrothermal vents be found? Give a few examples.
It can be found only in areas where there is a volcanic activity. They are mostly along the mid-ocean ridge. They are also found along some subduction zones.
Vent Life:
* Name some of the critters found around hydrothermal vent systems
Back then people though that there were no life, but then when they went down to explore they found that there are life down there. There are octopus, tubeworms, dandelion, microbes, clams, shrimps, crabs, mussels, and zoarcid fish.
Tubeworm Anatomy:
* Describe the tubeworm anatomy. Explain the symbiotic relationships that are found within tubeworms
There are 4 things that forms between tubeworms and bacteria. First the muscle holds the worm inside the tube. The cavity is packed of bacteria, the bacteria manufacture sugar through chemosynthesis. The tube worm use the sugar for food. The plume us really red and filled of blood. What if does it filter oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide from the seawater. The blood goes to compound to get at the bacteria in the cavity. It also contains hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen that's why the blood turns red. And lastly the tube is made out of a hard substance called chitin. The tube protects the worm from predators and the toxic from the vents.
Chemosynthesis:
* Explain the different between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis take energy from the sun while chemosythesis is different. Photosynthesis: the plant leaves takes energy from the sun. Then it takes up carbon dioxide from the air. The leaves use water and the sun to change carbon dioxide into sugar. And then the eaves release oxygen into the air. For chemosynthesis: Hydrothermal fluid comes out of the vents that contains hydrogen sulfides. Microbes takes up hydrogen sulfides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the water. Microbes gets the energy by breaking down the hydrogen sulfide. They use the energy and oxygen to change carbon dioxide into sugar. Then the microbes release sulfur and water.
Define the following (Make sure to include photos)
* Explain the process of a BLACK SMOKER
First the water is cold & it seeps drown through the cracks into the ocean floor. Second it continues to seep down below, & the energy from molten rock from beneath the ocean floor comes up & the water temperature is about 350-400 Celsius. All he oxygen is gone & becomes acidic. Then it picks up dissolved metal & also hydrogen sulfide. Third the hot hydrothermal comes up through the crust. & fourth the hydrothermal fluids comes out a chimney & mixes with the cold seawater. The fluid is combined with sulfur to form black minerals called Metal Sulfides, & it gives the fluid the appearance of black smoke.
Vent Boiling Points:
* Explain why the boiling point of water changes with depth in the ocean
It changes because of the increases of pressure. The pressure is equals one atmosphere. So for every 10 meters the pressure would equal two atmosphere. So when the pressure increases so does the boiling points.
Vent Chemistry:
* Explain how the water chemistry changes in the hydrothermal vent system
It changes because when the seawater seeps goes down into the ocean crust it heats up, it undergoes a lot of chemical reactions.
Vents Around the World:
* Where can hydrothermal vents be found? Give a few examples.
It can be found only in areas where there is a volcanic activity. They are mostly along the mid-ocean ridge. They are also found along some subduction zones.
Vent Life:
* Name some of the critters found around hydrothermal vent systems
Back then people though that there were no life, but then when they went down to explore they found that there are life down there. There are octopus, tubeworms, dandelion, microbes, clams, shrimps, crabs, mussels, and zoarcid fish.
Tubeworm Anatomy:
* Describe the tubeworm anatomy. Explain the symbiotic relationships that are found within tubeworms
There are 4 things that forms between tubeworms and bacteria. First the muscle holds the worm inside the tube. The cavity is packed of bacteria, the bacteria manufacture sugar through chemosynthesis. The tube worm use the sugar for food. The plume us really red and filled of blood. What if does it filter oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide from the seawater. The blood goes to compound to get at the bacteria in the cavity. It also contains hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen that's why the blood turns red. And lastly the tube is made out of a hard substance called chitin. The tube protects the worm from predators and the toxic from the vents.
Chemosynthesis:
* Explain the different between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis take energy from the sun while chemosythesis is different. Photosynthesis: the plant leaves takes energy from the sun. Then it takes up carbon dioxide from the air. The leaves use water and the sun to change carbon dioxide into sugar. And then the eaves release oxygen into the air. For chemosynthesis: Hydrothermal fluid comes out of the vents that contains hydrogen sulfides. Microbes takes up hydrogen sulfides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the water. Microbes gets the energy by breaking down the hydrogen sulfide. They use the energy and oxygen to change carbon dioxide into sugar. Then the microbes release sulfur and water.